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Glyph for U+213C
Source: Noto Sans

U+213C Double-Struck Small Pi

U+213C was added to Unicode in version 4.1 (2005). It belongs to the block U+2100 to U+214F Letterlike Symbols in the U+0000 to U+FFFF Basic Multilingual Plane.

This character is a Lowercase Letter and is commonly used, that is, in no specific script.

The glyph is a Font composition of the glyph Glyph for U+03C0 Greek Small Letter Pi. It has a Neutral East Asian Width. In bidirectional context it acts as Left To Right and is not mirrored. The glyph can, under circumstances, be confused with 1 other glyphs. In text U+213C behaves as Alphabetic regarding line breaks. It has type Lower for sentence and Alphabetic Letter for word breaks. The Grapheme Cluster Break is Any.

The Wikipedia has the following information about this codepoint:


The number π (; spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, approximately equal to 3.14159. The number π appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics. It is an irrational number, meaning that it cannot be expressed exactly as a ratio of two integers, although fractions such as 22 7 {displaystyle { frac {22}{7}}} are commonly used to approximate it. Consequently, its decimal representation never ends, nor enters a permanently repeating pattern. It is a transcendental number, meaning that it cannot be a solution of an equation involving only sums, products, powers, and integers. The transcendence of π implies that it is impossible to solve the ancient challenge of squaring the circle with a compass and straightedge. The decimal digits of π appear to be randomly distributed, but no proof of this conjecture has been found.

For thousands of years, mathematicians have attempted to extend their understanding of π, sometimes by computing its value to a high degree of accuracy. Ancient civilizations, including the Egyptians and Babylonians, required fairly accurate approximations of π for practical computations. Around 250 BC, the Greek mathematician Archimedes created an algorithm to approximate π with arbitrary accuracy. In the 5th century AD, Chinese mathematicians approximated π to seven digits, while Indian mathematicians made a five-digit approximation, both using geometrical techniques. The first computational formula for π, based on infinite series, was discovered a millennium later. The earliest known use of the Greek letter π to represent the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter was by the Welsh mathematician William Jones in 1706.

The invention of calculus soon led to the calculation of hundreds of digits of π, enough for all practical scientific computations. Nevertheless, in the 20th and 21st centuries, mathematicians and computer scientists have pursued new approaches that, when combined with increasing computational power, extended the decimal representation of π to many trillions of digits. These computations are motivated by the development of efficient algorithms to calculate numeric series, as well as the human quest to break records. The extensive computations involved have also been used to test supercomputers as well as stress testing consumer computer hardware.

Because its definition relates to the circle, π is found in many formulae in trigonometry and geometry, especially those concerning circles, ellipses and spheres. It is also found in formulae from other topics in science, such as cosmology, fractals, thermodynamics, mechanics, and electromagnetism. In modern mathematical analysis, it is often instead defined without any reference to geometry; therefore, it also appears in areas having little to do with geometry, such as number theory and statistics. The ubiquity of π makes it one of the most widely known mathematical constants inside and outside of science. Several books devoted to π have been published, and record-setting calculations of the digits of π often result in news headlines.

Representations

System Representation
8508
UTF-8 E2 84 BC
UTF-16 21 3C
UTF-32 00 00 21 3C
URL-Quoted %E2%84%BC
HTML hex reference ℼ
Wrong windows-1252 Mojibake ℼ

Related Characters

Confusables

Elsewhere

Complete Record

Property Value
Age 4.1 (2005)
Unicode Name DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL PI
Unicode 1 Name
Block Letterlike Symbols
General Category Lowercase Letter
Script Common
Bidirectional Category Left To Right
Combining Class Not Reordered
Decomposition Type Font
Decomposition Mapping Glyph for U+03C0 Greek Small Letter Pi
Lowercase
Simple Lowercase Mapping Glyph for U+213C Double-Struck Small Pi
Lowercase Mapping Glyph for U+213C Double-Struck Small Pi
Uppercase
Simple Uppercase Mapping Glyph for U+213C Double-Struck Small Pi
Uppercase Mapping Glyph for U+213C Double-Struck Small Pi
Simple Titlecase Mapping Glyph for U+213C Double-Struck Small Pi
Titlecase Mapping Glyph for U+213C Double-Struck Small Pi
Case Folding Glyph for U+213C Double-Struck Small Pi
ASCII Hex Digit
Alphabetic
Bidi Control
Bidi Mirrored
Composition Exclusion
Case Ignorable
Changes When Casefolded
Changes When Casemapped
Changes When NFKC Casefolded
Changes When Lowercased
Changes When Titlecased
Changes When Uppercased
Cased
Full Composition Exclusion
Default Ignorable Code Point
Dash
Deprecated
Diacritic
Emoji Modifier Base
Emoji Component
Emoji Modifier
Emoji Presentation
Emoji
Extender
Extended Pictographic
FC NFKC Closure Glyph for U+213C Double-Struck Small Pi
Grapheme Cluster Break Any
Grapheme Base
Grapheme Extend
Grapheme Link
Hex Digit
Hyphen
ID Continue
ID Start
IDS Binary Operator
IDS Trinary Operator and
IDSU 0
ID_Compat_Math_Continue 0
ID_Compat_Math_Start 0
Ideographic
InCB None
Indic Mantra Category
Indic Positional Category NA
Indic Syllabic Category Other
Jamo Short Name
Join Control
Logical Order Exception
Math
Noncharacter Code Point
NFC Quick Check Yes
NFD Quick Check Yes
NFKC Casefold Glyph for U+03C0 Greek Small Letter Pi
NFKC Quick Check No
NFKC_SCF Glyph for U+03C0 Greek Small Letter Pi
NFKD Quick Check No
Other Alphabetic
Other Default Ignorable Code Point
Other Grapheme Extend
Other ID Continue
Other ID Start
Other Lowercase
Other Math
Other Uppercase
Prepended Concatenation Mark
Pattern Syntax
Pattern White Space
Quotation Mark
Regional Indicator
Radical
Sentence Break Lower
Soft Dotted
Sentence Terminal
Terminal Punctuation
Unified Ideograph
Variation Selector
Word Break Alphabetic Letter
White Space
XID Continue
XID Start
Expands On NFC
Expands On NFD
Expands On NFKC
Expands On NFKD
Bidi Paired Bracket Glyph for U+213C Double-Struck Small Pi
Bidi Paired Bracket Type None
East Asian Width Neutral
Hangul Syllable Type Not Applicable
ISO 10646 Comment
Joining Group No_Joining_Group
Joining Type Non Joining
Line Break Alphabetic
Numeric Type None
Numeric Value not a number
Simple Case Folding Glyph for U+213C Double-Struck Small Pi
Script Extension
Vertical Orientation U