Home: go to the homepage U+4E00 to U+9FFF CJK Unified Ideographs
Glyph for U+660E
Source: Noto CJK

U+660E CJK Unified Ideo­graph-​660E

U+660E was added in Unicode version 1.1 in 1993. It belongs to the block U+4E00 to U+9FFF CJK Unified Ideographs in the U+0000 to U+FFFF Basic Multilingual Plane.

This character is a Other Letter and is mainly used in the Han script. The Unihan Database defines it as bright, light, brilliant; clear. Its Pīnyīn pronunciation is míng.

The glyph is not a composition. Its East Asian Width is wide. In bidirectional text it is written from left to right. When changing direction it is not mirrored. U+660E offers a line break opportunity at its position, except in some numeric contexts.

The Wikipedia has the following information about this codepoint:

The Ming dynasty ( MING), officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people, the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng (who established the short-lived Shun dynasty), numerous rump regimes ruled by remnants of the Ming imperial family—collectively called the Southern Ming—survived until 1662.

The Ming dynasty's founder, the Hongwu Emperor (r.1368–1398), attempted to create a society of self-sufficient rural communities ordered in a rigid, immobile system that would guarantee and support a permanent class of soldiers for his dynasty: the empire's standing army exceeded one million troops and the navy's dockyards in Nanjing were the largest in the world. He also took great care breaking the power of the court eunuchs and unrelated magnates, enfeoffing his many sons throughout China and attempting to guide these princes through the Huang-Ming Zuxun, a set of published dynastic instructions. This failed when his teenage successor, the Jianwen Emperor, attempted to curtail his uncle's power, prompting the Jingnan campaign, an uprising that placed the Prince of Yan upon the throne as the Yongle Emperor in 1402. The Yongle Emperor established Yan as a secondary capital and renamed it Beijing, constructed the Forbidden City, and restored the Grand Canal and the primacy of the imperial examinations in official appointments. He rewarded his eunuch supporters and employed them as a counterweight against the Confucian scholar-bureaucrats. One eunuch, Zheng He, led seven enormous voyages of exploration into the Indian Ocean as far as Arabia and the eastern coasts of Africa. Hongwu and Yongle emperors had also expanded the empire's rule into Inner Asia.

The rise of new emperors and new factions diminished such extravagances; the capture of the Emperor Yingzong of Ming during the 1449 Tumu Crisis ended them completely. The imperial navy was allowed to fall into disrepair while forced labor constructed the Liaodong palisade and connected and fortified the Great Wall into its modern form. Wide-ranging censuses of the entire empire were conducted decennially, but the desire to avoid labor and taxes and the difficulty of storing and reviewing the enormous archives at Nanjing hampered accurate figures. Estimates for the late-Ming population vary from 160 to 200 million, but necessary revenues were squeezed out of smaller and smaller numbers of farmers as more disappeared from the official records or "donated" their lands to tax-exempt eunuchs or temples. Haijin laws intended to protect the coasts from Japanese pirates instead turned many into smugglers and pirates themselves.

By the 16th century, the expansion of European trade—though restricted to islands near Guangzhou such as Macau—spread the Columbian exchange of crops, plants, and animals into China, introducing chili peppers to Sichuan cuisine and highly productive maize and potatoes, which diminished famines and spurred population growth. The growth of Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch trade created new demand for Chinese products and produced a massive influx of South American silver. This abundance of specie remonetized the Ming economy, whose paper money had suffered repeated hyperinflation and was no longer trusted. While traditional Confucians opposed such a prominent role for commerce and the newly rich it created, the heterodoxy introduced by Wang Yangming permitted a more accommodating attitude. Zhang Juzheng's initially successful reforms proved devastating when a slowdown in agriculture was produced by the Little Ice Age. The value of silver rapidly increased because of a disruption in the supply of imported silver from Spanish and Portuguese sources, making it impossible for Chinese farmers to pay their taxes. Combined with crop failure, floods, and an epidemic, the dynasty collapsed in 1644 as Li Zicheng's rebel forces entered Beijing. Li then established the Shun dynasty, but it was defeated shortly afterwards by the Manchu-led Eight Banner armies of the Qing dynasty, with the help of the defecting Ming general Wu Sangui.

Representations

System Representation
26126
UTF-8 E6 98 8E
UTF-16 66 0E
UTF-32 00 00 66 0E
URL-Quoted %E6%98%8E
HTML hex reference 明
Wrong windows-1252 Mojibake 明
Encoding: BIG5 (hex bytes) A9 FA
Encoding: BIG5HKSCS (hex bytes) A9 FA
Encoding: CP932 (hex bytes) 96 BE
Encoding: CP949 (hex bytes) D9 A5
Encoding: CP950 (hex bytes) A9 FA
Encoding: EUC_JP (hex bytes) CC C0
Encoding: EUC_JIS_2004 (hex bytes) CC C0
Encoding: EUC_JISX0213 (hex bytes) CC C0
Encoding: EUC_KR (hex bytes) D9 A5
Encoding: GB2312 (hex bytes) C3 F7
Encoding: GBK (hex bytes) C3 F7
Encoding: GB18030 (hex bytes) C3 F7
Encoding: HZ (hex bytes) 7E 7B 43 77 7E 7D
Encoding: ISO2022_JP (hex bytes) 1B 24 42 4C 40 1B 28 42
Encoding: ISO2022_JP_1 (hex bytes) 1B 24 42 4C 40 1B 28 42
Encoding: ISO2022_JP_2 (hex bytes) 1B 24 42 4C 40 1B 28 42
Encoding: ISO2022_JP_2004 (hex bytes) 1B 24 42 4C 40 1B 28 42
Encoding: ISO2022_JP_3 (hex bytes) 1B 24 42 4C 40 1B 28 42
Encoding: ISO2022_JP_EXT (hex bytes) 1B 24 42 4C 40 1B 28 42
Encoding: ISO2022_KR (hex bytes) 1B 24 29 43 0E 59 25 0F
Encoding: JOHAB (hex bytes) E7 A5
Encoding: SHIFT_JIS (hex bytes) 96 BE
Encoding: SHIFT_JIS_2004 (hex bytes) 96 BE
Encoding: SHIFT_JISX0213 (hex bytes) 96 BE
Pīnyīn míng

Related Characters

Elsewhere

Complete Record

Property Value
Age (age) 1.1 (1993)
Unicode Name (na) CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-660E
Unicode 1 Name (na1)
Block (blk) CJK Unified Ideographs
General Category (gc) Other Letter
Script (sc) Han
Bidirectional Category (bc) Left To Right
Combining Class (ccc) Not Reordered
Decomposition Type (dt) none
Decomposition Mapping (dm) Glyph for U+660E CJK Unified Ideograph-660E
Lowercase (Lower)
Simple Lowercase Mapping (slc) Glyph for U+660E CJK Unified Ideograph-660E
Lowercase Mapping (lc) Glyph for U+660E CJK Unified Ideograph-660E
Uppercase (Upper)
Simple Uppercase Mapping (suc) Glyph for U+660E CJK Unified Ideograph-660E
Uppercase Mapping (uc) Glyph for U+660E CJK Unified Ideograph-660E
Simple Titlecase Mapping (stc) Glyph for U+660E CJK Unified Ideograph-660E
Titlecase Mapping (tc) Glyph for U+660E CJK Unified Ideograph-660E
Case Folding (cf) Glyph for U+660E CJK Unified Ideograph-660E
ASCII Hex Digit (AHex)
Alphabetic (Alpha)
Bidi Control (Bidi_C)
Bidi Mirrored (Bidi_M)
Composition Exclusion (CE)
Case Ignorable (CI)
Changes When Casefolded (CWCF)
Changes When Casemapped (CWCM)
Changes When NFKC Casefolded (CWKCF)
Changes When Lowercased (CWL)
Changes When Titlecased (CWT)
Changes When Uppercased (CWU)
Cased (Cased)
Full Composition Exclusion (Comp_Ex)
Default Ignorable Code Point (DI)
Dash (Dash)
Deprecated (Dep)
Diacritic (Dia)
Emoji Modifier Base (EBase)
Emoji Component (EComp)
Emoji Modifier (EMod)
Emoji Presentation (EPres)
Emoji (Emoji)
Extender (Ext)
Extended Pictographic (ExtPict)
FC NFKC Closure (FC_NFKC) Glyph for U+660E CJK Unified Ideograph-660E
Grapheme Cluster Break (GCB) Any
Grapheme Base (Gr_Base)
Grapheme Extend (Gr_Ext)
Grapheme Link (Gr_Link)
Hex Digit (Hex)
Hyphen (Hyphen)
ID Continue (IDC)
ID Start (IDS)
IDS Binary Operator (IDSB)
IDS Trinary Operator and (IDST)
IDSU (IDSU) 0
ID_Compat_Math_Continue (ID_Compat_Math_Continue) 0
ID_Compat_Math_Start (ID_Compat_Math_Start) 0
Ideographic (Ideo)
InCB (InCB) None
Indic Mantra Category (InMC)
Indic Positional Category (InPC) NA
Indic Syllabic Category (InSC) Other
Jamo Short Name (JSN)
Join Control (Join_C)
Logical Order Exception (LOE)
Modifier Combining Mark (MCM)
Math (Math)
Noncharacter Code Point (NChar)
NFC Quick Check (NFC_QC) Yes
NFD Quick Check (NFD_QC) Yes
NFKC Casefold (NFKC_CF) Glyph for U+660E CJK Unified Ideograph-660E
NFKC Quick Check (NFKC_QC) Yes
NFKC_SCF (NFKC_SCF) Glyph for U+660E CJK Unified Ideograph-660E
NFKD Quick Check (NFKD_QC) Yes
Other Alphabetic (OAlpha)
Other Default Ignorable Code Point (ODI)
Other Grapheme Extend (OGr_Ext)
Other ID Continue (OIDC)
Other ID Start (OIDS)
Other Lowercase (OLower)
Other Math (OMath)
Other Uppercase (OUpper)
Prepended Concatenation Mark (PCM)
Pattern Syntax (Pat_Syn)
Pattern White Space (Pat_WS)
Quotation Mark (QMark)
Regional Indicator (RI)
Radical (Radical)
Sentence Break (SB) Other Letter
Soft Dotted (SD)
Sentence Terminal (STerm)
Terminal Punctuation (Term)
Unified Ideograph (UIdeo)
Variation Selector (VS)
Word Break (WB) Other
White Space (WSpace)
XID Continue (XIDC)
XID Start (XIDS)
Expands On NFC (XO_NFC)
Expands On NFD (XO_NFD)
Expands On NFKC (XO_NFKC)
Expands On NFKD (XO_NFKD)
Bidi Paired Bracket (bpb) Glyph for U+660E CJK Unified Ideograph-660E
Bidi Paired Bracket Type (bpt) None
East Asian Width (ea) wide
Hangul Syllable Type (hst) Not Applicable
ISO 10646 Comment (isc)
Joining Group (jg) No_Joining_Group
Joining Type (jt) Non Joining
Line Break (lb) Ideographic
Numeric Type (nt) none
Numeric Value (nv) not a number
Simple Case Folding (scf) Glyph for U+660E CJK Unified Ideograph-660E
Script Extension (scx)
Vertical Orientation (vo) U
Big Five Mapping (kBigFive) A9FA
CCCII Mapping (kCCCII) 214321
CNS 11643-1986 Mapping (kCNS1986) 1-4D7C
CNS 11643-1992 Mapping (kCNS1992) 1-4D7C
Cangjie Input Code (kCangjie) AB
kCantonese (kCantonese) ming4
kCihaiT (kCihaiT) 631.301
kCowles (kCowles) 2690
kDaeJaweon (kDaeJaweon) 0852.180
Unihan Definition (kDefinition) bright, light, brilliant; clear
kEACC (kEACC) 214321
kFanqie (kFanqie) 武兵
kFenn (kFenn) 796A
kFennIndex (kFennIndex) 344.04
kFourCornerCode (kFourCornerCode) 6702.0
kGB0 (kGB0) 3587
kGB1 (kGB1) 3587
kGSR (kGSR) 0760a
kGradeLevel (kGradeLevel) 1
kHKGlyph (kHKGlyph) 1769
kHanYu (kHanYu) 21491.080
kHangul (kHangul) 명:0E
kHanyuPinlu (kHanyuPinlu) míng(1887) ming(96)
kHanyuPinyin (kHanyuPinyin) 21491.080:míng,mèng
kIICore (kIICore) AGTJHKMP
kIRGDaeJaweon (kIRGDaeJaweon) 0852.180
kIRGHanyuDaZidian (kIRGHanyuDaZidian) 21491.080
kIRGKangXi (kIRGKangXi) 0491.120
kIRG_GSource (kIRG_GSource) G0-4377
kIRG_HSource (kIRG_HSource) HB1-A9FA
kIRG_JSource (kIRG_JSource) J0-4C40
kIRG_KPSource (kIRG_KPSource) KP0-DAF2
kIRG_KSource (kIRG_KSource) K0-5925
kIRG_TSource (kIRG_TSource) T1-4D7C
kIRG_VSource (kIRG_VSource) V1-5851
kJapanese (kJapanese) メイ ミョウ ミン ベイ ボウ あかり あかるい あかるむ あからむ あきらか あける あく あくる あかす ひかり
kJapaneseKun (kJapaneseKun) AKARUI AKIRAKA AKERU
kJapaneseOn (kJapaneseOn) MEI MYOU
kJis0 (kJis0) 4432
kJoyoKanji (kJoyoKanji) 2010
kKangXi (kKangXi) 0491.120
kKorean (kKorean) MYENG
kKoreanEducationHanja (kKoreanEducationHanja) 2007
kLau (kLau) 2144
kMainlandTelegraph (kMainlandTelegraph) 2494
kMandarin (kMandarin) míng
kMatthews (kMatthews) 4534
kMeyerWempe (kMeyerWempe) 1815
kMojiJoho (kMojiJoho) MJ013201 MJ013201:E0102 MJ013202:E0103
kMorohashi (kMorohashi) 13805:E0103
kNelson (kNelson) 2110
kPhonetic (kPhonetic) 903
Radical Stroke Count (Adobe Japan 1-6) (kRSAdobe_Japan1_6) C+3788+72.4.4 C+3788+74.4.4 V+14052+72.4.4 V+14052+74.4.4
Radical Stroke Count (Unicode) (kRSUnicode) 72.4
kSBGY (kSBGY) 186.13
kSMSZD2003Index (kSMSZD2003Index) 289.09 300.04
kSMSZD2003Readings (kSMSZD2003Readings) míng粵ming4
Semantic Variant (kSemanticVariant) Glyph for U+6719 U+6719
kTGH (kTGH) 2013:1087
kTGHZ2013 (kTGHZ2013) 254.120:míng
Taiwanese Telegraph Code (kTaiwanTelegraph) 2494
kTang (kTang) *miæng
Stroke Number (kTotalStrokes) 8
UnihanCore2020 Set (kUnihanCore2020) GHJKMPT
Quốc ngữ Pronunciation (kVietnamese) minh
kXHC1983 (kXHC1983) 0793.060:míng
Xerox Code (kXerox) 241:173