Home U+2100 to U+214F Letterlike Symbols

# U+212F SCRIPT SMALL E

U+212F was added to Unicode in version 1.1 (1993). It belongs to the block U+2100 to U+214F Letterlike Symbols in the U+0000 to U+FFFF Basic Multilingual Plane.

This character is a Lowercase Letter and is commonly used, that is, in no specific script. The character is also known as error and natural exponent.

The glyph is a Font composition of the glyph Latin Small Letter E. It has a Neutral East Asian Width. In bidirectional context it acts as Left To Right and is not mirrored. The glyph can, under circumstances, be confused with 1 other glyphs. In text U+212F behaves as Alphabetic regarding line breaks. It has type Lower for sentence and Alphabetic Letter for word breaks. The Grapheme Cluster Break is Any.

The number e, also known as Euler's number, is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828 which can be characterized in many ways. It is the base of the natural logarithms. It is the limit of (1 + 1/n)n as n approaches infinity, an expression that arises in the study of compound interest. It can also be calculated as the sum of the infinite series

It is also the unique positive number a such that the graph of the function y = ax has a slope of 1 at x = 0.

The (natural) exponential function f(x) = ex is the unique function f that equals its own derivative and satisfies the equation f(0) = 1; hence one can also define e as f(1). The natural logarithm, or logarithm to base e, is the inverse function to the natural exponential function. The natural logarithm of a number k > 1 can be defined directly as the area under the curve y = 1/x between x = 1 and x = k, in which case e is the value of k for which this area equals one (see image). There are various other characterizations.

The number e is sometimes called Euler's number (not to be confused with Euler's constant γ {displaystyle gamma } ), after the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler, or Napier's constant, after John Napier. The constant was discovered by the Swiss mathematician Jacob Bernoulli while studying compound interest.

The number e is of great importance in mathematics, alongside 0, 1, π, and i. All five appear in one formulation of Euler's identity e i π + 1 = 0 {displaystyle e^{ipi }+1=0} , and play important and recurring roles across mathematics. Like the constant π, e is irrational (it cannot be represented as a ratio of integers) and transcendental (it is not a root of any non-zero polynomial with rational coefficients). To 50 decimal places the value of e is:

## Representations

System Representation
8495
UTF-8 E2 84 AF
UTF-16 21 2F
UTF-32 00 00 21 2F
URL-Quoted %E2%84%AF
HTML-Escape &#x212F;
Wrong windows-1252 Mojibake â¯
HTML-Escape &escr;
alias error
alias natural exponent
LATEX \mathscr{e}

## Complete Record

Property Value
Age 1.1 (1993)
Unicode Name SCRIPT SMALL E
Unicode 1 Name
Block Letterlike Symbols
General Category Lowercase Letter
Script Common
Bidirectional Category Left To Right
Combining Class Not Reordered
Decomposition Type Font
Decomposition Mapping Latin Small Letter E
Lowercase
Simple Lowercase Mapping Script Small E
Lowercase Mapping Script Small E
Uppercase
Simple Uppercase Mapping Script Small E
Uppercase Mapping Script Small E
Simple Titlecase Mapping Script Small E
Titlecase Mapping Script Small E
Case Folding Script Small E
ASCII Hex Digit
Alphabetic
Bidi Control
Bidi Mirrored
Bidi Paired Bracket Script Small E
Bidi Paired Bracket Type None
Cased
Composition Exclusion
Case Ignorable
Full Composition Exclusion
Changes When Casefolded
Changes When Casemapped
Changes When NFKC Casefolded
Changes When Lowercased
Changes When Titlecased
Changes When Uppercased
Dash
Deprecated
Default Ignorable Code Point
Diacritic
East Asian Width Neutral
Emoji Modifier Base
Emoji Component
Emoji Modifier
Emoji
Emoji Presentation
Extender
Extended Pictographic
FC NFKC Closure Script Small E
Grapheme Cluster Break Any
Grapheme Base
Grapheme Extend
Hex Digit
Hangul Syllable Type Not Applicable
Hyphen
ID Continue
Ideographic
ID Start
IDS Binary Operator
IDS Trinary Operator and
Indic Mantra Category
Indic Positional Category NA
Indic Syllabic Category Other
ISO 10646 Comment
Joining Group No_Joining_Group
Join Control
Jamo Short Name
Joining Type Non Joining
Line Break Alphabetic
Logical Order Exception
Math
Noncharacter Code Point
NFC Quick Check Yes
NFD Quick Check Yes
NFKC Casefold Latin Small Letter E
NFKC Quick Check No
NFKD Quick Check No
Numeric Type None
Numeric Value not a number
Other Alphabetic
Other Default Ignorable Code Point
Other Grapheme Extend
Other ID Continue
Other ID Start
Other Lowercase
Other Math
Other Uppercase
Pattern Syntax
Pattern White Space
Prepended Concatenation Mark
Quotation Mark
Regional Indicator
Sentence Break Lower
Simple Case Folding Script Small E
Script Extension
Soft Dotted
Sentence Terminal
Terminal Punctuation
Unified Ideograph
Vertical Orientation R
Variation Selector
Word Break Alphabetic Letter
White Space
XID Continue
XID Start
Expands On NFC
Expands On NFD
Expands On NFKC
Expands On NFKD